An Improved Multiple Clustering Model for Infrastructures-Based Multi-Hop Vehicular Communications

An IMCIV model is a novel approach to managing clustered vehicular and ad-hoc networks (VANETs) through Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) cellular connectivity over 5G LTE. Weighted cluster selection, a new clustering method that considers the model uses distance and reliability as well as travel speed to optimize network performance. The robust end-to-end communication IMCIV provides remains operational even during system failure or outages. An experimental setup implemented using ns-3 on Ubuntu OS with C++ for network construction and Python for analysis shows significant improvements over existing protocols, namely ABIC, PPMO, and UMMR. IMCIV's top performance is reflected in its key performance metrics, which include the highest network throughput of12 Kbps, the lowest network delay of 75.49 ms, the lowest number of inbounds per packet of 267.16, and the highest transmission accuracy of 96.58%. the protocol offers an exceptional energy efficiency of 268.49 joules, which is crucial for extending the life of vehicular networks. The selection of dual cluster heads enhances network flexibility by ensuring data transmission across the primary and secondary cluster heads, thus improving network adaptability. This comprehensive evaluation confirms that IMCIV not only addresses existing VANET challenges but also significantly improves network performance and reliability. The outcomes demonstrate the utility of IMCIV in modern vehicle networks, demonstrating its potential to enhance communication and data exchange under different scenarios.