An Improved Neural Classification Logic to Predict Kidney Disease Identification Using Medical Image Processing Principles

Kidney disease is a significant global health concern, requiring accurate and early diagnosis to prevent progression and ensure timely treatment. This study proposes an improved neural classification logic combining an AutoEncoder and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict kidney disease using medical image processing techniques. A dataset comprising kidney images from CT, MRI, and ultrasound was utilized to train and test the model. The AutoEncoder was employed for unsupervised feature extraction, reducing dimensionality while retaining key information related to kidney abnormalities. The ANN then classified these features into healthy or diseased categories. Image preprocessing techniques such as noise reduction, resizing, normalization, and contrast enhancement were applied to ensure data consistency. Additionally, advanced segmentation algorithms like U-Net were used to isolate the kidney regions from the background, focusing on the Regions of Interest (ROI). Data augmentation was applied to improve generalization. The proposed model achieved a classification accuracy of 94.8%, outperforming baseline models such as CNN (92.1 %) and SVM (88.7<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">%</sup>). The AutoEncoder + ANN combination demonstrated superior precision, recall, and Fl-score, with an AUC-ROC of 97.4%. The results highlight the model's robustness and potential for practical applications in the early detection of kidney disease.