Manufacturing of g-C₃N₄-ZnS-Doped TiO₂ Nanofibers by Electrospinning and Their Application to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell as an Additional Layer in Photoanode

This study aims to enhance photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by modification of photoanode with nanofibers (NFs) as an additional layer. g-C3N4 and ZnS (CN-ZnS) were selected for the modification of TiO2 nanofibers. The g-C3N4 was synthesized using a calcination method, while the CN-ZnS was successfully prepared through a simple hydrothermal method. Subsequently, CN-ZnS/TiO2 NFs with different mixing ratios were fabricated using electrospinning technology. The synthesized material was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The positive impact of incorporating the additional layer on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs was confirmed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, J-V characterization, and incident photon-to-current efficiency measurements. Notably, the DSSC modified with 1% CN-ZnS/TiO2 NFs achieves an efficiency of 5.44%, and it reaches an efficiency of 7.04% under low illumination (30 mW/cm2). These results suggest that CN-ZnS/TiO2 NFs are promising for enhancing the performance of DSSCs.