Dual-Function Waveform Design in Wireless Sensor Networks via SoS Optimization

Environmental sensing can be achieved using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with low-complexity sensors. Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) allows simultaneous sensing and data transmission through optimized waveform, architecture, and protocol design. Given the multiple sensors in WSNs, minimizing interference and ensuring Doppler-tolerant pulses for detecting dynamic targets is crucial. This paper proposes a Doppler-tolerant waveform design that embeds multiple communication symbols within each pulse of a coherent processing interval (CPI). We formulate a Sum-of-Squares (SoS) optimization problem to minimize the cross-correlation integrated sidelobe level (CISL) for a MIMO sensor arrangement, constrained by unwrapped quadratic phase behavior. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.