Complete Reconstruction of the Tongue Contour Through Acoustic to Articulatory Inversion Using Real-Time MRI Data

Acoustic articulatory inversion is a major processing challenge, with a wide range of applications from speech synthesis to feedback systems for language learning and rehabilitation.In recent years, deep learning methods have been applied to the inversion of less than a dozen geometrical positions corresponding to sensors glued to easily accessible articulators. It is therefore impossible to know the shape of the whole tongue from root to tip. In this work, we use high-quality real-time MRI data to track the contour of the tongue. The data used to drive the inversion are therefore the unstructured speech signal and the tongue contours. Several architectures relying on a Bi-LSTM including or not an autoencoder to reduce the dimensionality of the latent space, using or not the phonetic segmentation have been explored. The results show that the tongue contour can be recovered with a median accuracy of 2.21 mm (or 1.37 pixels) taking a context of 1 MFCC frame (static, delta and double-delta cepstral features).