Planetary health: increasingly embraced but not yet fully realised

The modern field of 'planetary health' was instigated in 2015 by the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission, which defined it as 'the health of human civilisation and the state of the natural systems on which it depends'. However, this view of human health in relation to natural systems is not really new at all. Rather, it is (re)emerging as the environmental impacts of human activities and their effects on the health of all life on Earth, now and in the future, become increasingly clear. A planetary health approach requires us to rethink dominant perspectives about how we feed, move, house, power and care for the world, as well as the implications for wellbeing and equity across generations and locations. This shift in understanding of our place as humans in relation to the planet is fundamental to addressing the polycrises of the 21st century. Planetary health approaches are increasingly embraced but not yet fully realised or embedded. More organisations and collaborations, in the health sector and beyond, are incorporating these ideas into their methods, plans and training, including concepts that are part of, but not synonymous with planetary health, such as one health, global health, environmental health, climate health and sustainable healthcare. Yet, we are still far from the collective cultural transformation needed to achieve the promise of planetary health as a movement that puts the health of people and the planet at the centre of all policy and action. Education and training in the Western tradition encourage 'human-centred' or 'colonial' thinking. There is much to (re)learn from First Nations peoples, and other non-Western worldviews, about the interdependence of all species and what that means for sustainable health and wellbeing. We offer proposals for how public health policymakers, researchers and practitioners, might support the transformation needed and address the conceptual, knowledge and governance challenges identified by the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission.