Geometric Feature-Driven Metric Learning for 3D Craniofacial Superimposition

Craniofacial superimposition is a crucial forensic science technique to identify human remains by matching skulls to facial images. However, this task is challenging due to significant morphological differences between skulls and faces, limited paired samples, and high data dimensionality. We proposed a geometric feature-driven metric learning method for craniofacial superimposition to address these issues. Firstly, we extracted geometric features, including depth, curvature, and elevation of 3D craniofacial data, to generate 2D maps of structured representations enriched with geometric details. Next, we novelly designed a Triplet Network for geometric feature-driven metric learning, which leverages triplet loss to learn discriminative embeddings and effectively handle the limited paired data problem. By incorporating the Sinkhorn Distance as an additional constraint, we aligned the skull and face data distributions, enhancing the matching precision. We conducted extensive experiments on a 3D craniofacial dataset, achieving a maximum accuracy of 99.45% on curvature maps, surpassing state-of-the-art methods. Our code will be available after publication at https://github.com/Lqd-js/cranial-superimposition.