Linfoma anal en una paciente con VIH, revisión de la literatura y reporte de caso

Introduction. Cancers are common among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some of them are considered non - AIDS - defining, among them anal carcinoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. More than 90 % of the cases are related to high - risk human papillomavirus (HPV), specifically subtypes 16 and 18, together with other factors such as HIV serological status. Case report. A 54 - year - old female patient came for medical evaluation due to the presence of a tumor in the perianal region of seven months of evolution, accompanied by rectorrhagia. She was referred to the Coloproctology service at Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", where she underwent a tumor biopsy. The results showed a lymphoid neoplasia, as well as a diagnosis of HIV positive. She was first seen at the Gynecology service at Clínica Especializada Condesa Iztapalapa; she underwent colposcopy and cervical cytology as part of the Cervical Cancer Screening Program. Physical examination revealed an ulcerated tumor on the left side, 15 cm long, indurated, and ulcerated with fibrin. Conclusions. Few cases of a tumor in the perianal region are reported in the literature, mainly at the national level, forcing us to suspect this pathology in immunocompromised patients, provide a timely approach, and strengthen specific detection programs.