35% Carbamide Peroxide: A Threat to Male Fertility in Wistar Rats

This study examined the impact of 35% carbamide peroxide on male reproductive functions in Wistar rats. Carbamide peroxide, commonly found in tooth-whitening products, has known oral effects, but its reproductive implications are not fully understood. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6): a control group and three test groups receiving carbamide peroxide at 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg respectively and orally for 21 days. After administeration, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were analyzed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone via ELISA. Body and testicular weights, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, sperm motility, count, and morphology were measured using standard procedures, while testicular histology was assessed through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM at P<0.05. Results indicated a significant decrease in sperm motility and FSH levels in 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg carbamide peroxide groups, while MDA levels increased significantly in the 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide groups when compared to control. Histological analysis showed testicular hypertrophy and epididymal fat deposition in carbamide peroxide groups at 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. Oral carbamide peroxide exposure led to reduced FSH levels and sperm motility, along with increased MDA concentration, fat deposition and testicular enlargement, suggesting detrimental effects on male reproductive health.