Safe Bloodstream Concentration Limits for Microscale Nanorobots

The greatest power of nanomedicine will emerge as we learn to design and construct complete artificial nanorobots using nanometer-scale parts and onboard subsystems such as diamondoid bearings and gears, nanomotors and molecular pumps, nanomanipulators, nanosensors, nano-batteries, and nanocomputers. However, according to initial human intravenous tests of future microscale diamondoid nanorobots in the 0.5-3 μm size range should not exceed a maximum bloodstream volumetric concentration of ~0.001%.