Challenges in Diagnosing Rickettsial Infection: A Case Report of Rickettsia conorii in a Pediatric Patient in Iran

Mediterranean spotted fever has recently been reported in Iran, yet it continues to be overlooked by healthcare professionals in the country. This case report details a 19-month-old child who presented with fever, edema and skin rashes and was initially misdiagnosed. Subsequent testing revealed a Mediterranean spotted fever infection through IgG seroconversion. Treatment with doxycycline led to the child's full recovery. Rickettsial infections pose a significant public health challenge, particularly in endemic areas, making early intervention essential to avoid severe complications.