A Longitudinal Study on Nutritional Assessment of Maternal and Infants (<1 Year) of Selected Urban Areas in Vijayapura Distirct, Karnataka, India

Background: Malnutrition remains a major concern in India, with high stunting rates in Karnataka, particularly in Vijayapura. Proper breastfeeding and complementary feeding are crucial for infant growth, yet gaps in maternal knowledge persist. This study assesses maternal and infant nutrition and evaluates the impact of a nutrition education intervention. Methods: A random sampling method was used to select 100 lactating mothers from rural Vijayapura. Data on socio-demographics, dietary intake, and breastfeeding practices were collected using a structured questionnaire. Maternal and infant nutritional status was assessed through anthropometric measurements and a 24-hour dietary recall. A nutrition education intervention was conducted, and its impact was evaluated through pre- and post-assessments. Results: The study evaluated the socio-demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practices of respondents. Most were housewives (78%), with a majority (54%) following a non-vegetarian diet, and all received Anganwadi supplements. While 100% had awareness of exclusive breastfeeding, misconceptions about its benefits persisted. Positive attitudes were observed, yet only 28% initiated breastfeeding within the first hour. Anthropometric assessments indicated that 60% of infants had normal weight-for-age, but stunting and underweight cases were noted. Post-intervention, improvements were seen in mothers' knowledge and breastfeeding practices. Conclusion: The intervention significantly improved mothers' breastfeeding knowledge and practices, leading to better infant nutrition outcomes. However, early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding adherence still need further reinforcement.