Preparation and characterization of highly loaded meperfluthrin microemulsions with green sugar-based surfactants

In this study, we report the formulation of sustainable pesticide microemulsions using green surfactants and solvents. Sugar-based surfactant was selected as emulsifiers , and biomass-based ethyl lactate served as the co-solvent, with a low-energy emulsification method employed to produce high-efficiency meperfluthrin microemulsions . The results showed that the microemulsions had a particle size ranging from 30 to 60 nm, with a maximum meperfluthrin loading of 32.4% and an encapsulation rate exceeding 90%. The microemulsions had good stability under various environmental conditions. Compared to commercially available meperfluthrin products, the microemulsions had a lower organic solvent content and a higher loading capacity, due to pyrethroid pesticides having better solubility in ethyl lactate. Furthermore, the toxicity of microemulsions was significantly reduced and met environmental protection standards. This study provides a new solution and practical basis for the green and sustainable development of pesticide formulations . • Preparation of a pesticide microemulsion to meet the requirements of green and sustainable chemical development. • Use of a new green biodegradable surfactant, APG-SS. • Use of a new green biodegradable co-solvent, ethyl lactate, with high solubility for pyrethroid pesticides. • Further improvement of loading capacity, stability and slow release of microemulsions.