Characterization of Seed Quality Traits Within 61 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Genotypes: Ionomes and Daily Values

Mineral malnutrition negatively impacts almost 30% of the world population and could result in anemia, blindness, and stunted growth. Seed traits involve nutritional, physical, and physiological characteristics that play a key role in achieving seed quality. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), the second most important food legume crop worldwide, is characterized by its rich nutrient profile, fiber, and antioxidant content. However, seed quality traits composition and daily nutritional value in chickpea seeds remain largely unknown. The objectives of the current study were to determine the variability in concentrations of macro and micronutrients, oil, protein, their correlations, and daily nutritional values (% DV) in the seeds of 61 chickpea genotypes. The results demonstrate substantial variation among chickpea genotypes in most nutrients, protein, and oil content. Moreover, this study identifies 12 promising chickpea genotypes that indicate large nutrient content and potential usage in chickpea biofortification and breeding programs. Our results further show that consumption of 100 g chickpea seeds could provide 122% DV of manganese (Mn), 77% DV of copper (Cu), 43% DV of magnesium (Mg), 32% DV of phosphorus (P), 27% DV of zinc (Zn), 26% DV of iron (Fe), and 5% DV of calcium (Ca). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of chickpea seed nutrient content as well as global food security by combatting mineral malnutrition.