The impact of anthropogenic activities on antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance in aquatic environments

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and metal resistance (MR) are critical global health concerns exacerbated by anthropogenic activities. The intricate mechanism underlying the interaction among anthropogenic activities, microbial communities, and resistance remains enigmatic. We developed novel bioinformatic pipelines to unveil this interaction in three aquatic environments. Our findings demonstrate the presence of specific bacterial communities that drive AMR and MR in rural and urban environments. This study underscores the significance of proper agricultural practices, comprehensive monitoring, and management strategies to reduce anthropogenic impacts on environmental resistance.