Grounded Capacitors-Based Oscillators Using Current-Mode Techniques

This study presents a collection of eleven novel sinusoidal oscillators, each employing a single active element along with a minimal configuration of three resistors and two grounded capacitors. Amongst these designs, three circuits provide voltage-mode quadrature outputs in each case, while the remaining networks provide a single voltage output from their low-impedance buffered port. In the complete set of oscillators, the characteristic parameters i.e., condition and frequency of oscillation are independent of each other. The study includes ideal, nonideal, parasitic and sensitivity analyses. The proposed circuits are verified through simulation as well as experimental study. Some sample results of both have been included in the paper. For simulations, the used active building block operates on [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]V supply, with 180[Formula: see text]nm technology CMOS parameters. For experimentation, IC AD844 is used with a biasing supply of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]V. Both simulation and experimental results provide convincing support to the proposed theory.