Canine intraocular pressure dynamics during mild-pain ophthalmic procedures in three premedication protocols

IOP remained within normal ranges throughout the perioperative period in all groups. Acepromazine, in combination with butorphanol, was the most effective in attenuating the IOP increase caused by intubation, suggesting its potential advantage in patients at risk of corneal perforation. Clinically, premedication selection should prioritize minimal IOP fluctuation to enhance surgical outcomes.