Global, regional, and national assessment of foreign body aspiration (1990–2021): novel insights into incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years

Global FBA incidence declined from 1990 to 2021, yet the number of associated deaths continued to rise, indicating ongoing challenges in prevention and management. High- and middle-high SDI regions carried the greatest burden, with children under 5 and older adults (≥ 70 years) particularly affected. These patterns suggest that both advancing socioeconomic development and population aging influence FBA outcomes. Strengthening surveillance, improving emergency response, and implementing targeted, population-specific prevention strategies are essential for reducing the global FBA burden.