Determining the key drivers of the potential secondary battery raw materials supply from the urban mine in the European Union
Vehicle stocks in the European Union (EU) can serve as an urban mine for secondary battery raw materials and reduce reliance on international supply chains. A prospective material flow analysis (MFA) model is developed to evaluate the potential of the EU urban mine until 2050. It can support the development of policies concerning focus areas to achieve a circular economy and the definition of target values. The secondary supply is differentiated into production scrap and End-of-Life batteries and the number of recycling loops the materials potentially traverse is analysed. The analysed scenarios show that market developments (e.g., dominant cell chemistries and shared mobility) can influence material demand and the potential secondary supply the most. Meeting the recycled content target values by the EU Batteries Regulation is only realistic with production scrap recycling. The share of material recycled more than once is most likely below 5 % at all times.
Authors
- Antoine Beylot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-4770)
- Jana Husmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-0030)
- Anna Marie
- Christoph Herrmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-1822)
- Steffen Blömeke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-7926)
- Raphael Ginster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2394-7064)
- Stéphanie Muller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-9199)
- Daniel Monfort (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2038-4139)
- Audrey Philippe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0779-1201)
- Thomas Spengler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0212-1899)
Institutions
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Laboratoire d’Innovation pour les Technologies des Énergies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (FR)
- Cycle (Germany) (DE)
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (FR)
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
- Technische Universität Braunschweig (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Resources Conservation and Recycling
- Published
- 2025-03-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108246
- Citations
- 7
- Primary Topic
- Extraction and Separation Processes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.99
Funders
- Niedersächsische Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur
- Volkswagen Foundation
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières