Changes in spending, quality indicators, and provider experiences following the introduction of a population-based payment model in dutch primary care: a mixed methods evaluation

In its first 2.5 years, the AIC had no significant effect on total healthcare spending growth. Trends in quality indicators suggest mixed results for patient satisfaction and chronic care management, while focus group results indicated improved provider experiences. To comprehensively evaluate population-based payment reforms, stakeholders should improve data collection strategies to enable causal assessment of population health, patient experiences, and provider well-being.