Advances in magnesium-based bioresorbable cardiovascular stents: Surface engineering and clinical prospects

• Comprehensively evaluated the evolution of magnesium (Mg)-based cardiac stents. • Advancements in the surface engineering and alloying of Mg-based stents. • Discussed the recent research and development prospects with bibliometric analysis. • Detailed case studies from the last 2 decades are analysed for a clear perspective. • Prospects of modern Mg-based stents with a personalized design to improve efficacy. Magnesium (Mg)-based bioresorbable stents represent a potentially groundbreaking advancement in cardiovascular therapy; offering temporary vessel support and complete biodegradability—addressing limitations of traditional stents like in-stent restenosis and long-term complications. However, challenges such as rapid corrosion and suboptimal endothelialisation have hindered their clinical adoption. This review highlights the latest breakthroughs in surface modification, alloying, and coating strategies to enhance the mechanical integrity, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of Mg-based stents. Key surface engineering techniques, including polymer and bioactive coatings, are examined for their role in promoting endothelial healing and minimising inflammatory responses. Future directions are proposed, focusing on personalised stent designs to optimize efficacy and long-term outcomes, positioning Mg-based stents as a transformative solution in interventional cardiology.