Exploring the Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) In Type II Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Dipstick and Microscopic Methods

Background Knowledge: Diabetic patients at heightened risk for urinary and renal problems resulting from metabolic abnormalities. Urine dipstick examination is a quick and non-invasive diagnostic method often used to identify abnormalities in many clinical parameters, such as nitrites, protein concentrations, ketone bodies, and leukocyte esterase. Aim: The study aims to examine the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Type II diabetes patients by comparing the diagnostic effectiveness of dipstick testing and microscopic analysis. Material and Method: A cross-sectional research including 264 diabetes individuals was performed. Urine samples were evaluated via dipstick techniques to assess factors such as nitrites, protein concentrations, ketone bodies, leukocyte esterase, and other indicators. Statistical methods, such as Chi-Square tests and Spearman’s correlation, were used to assess connections between nitrites and other factors. Result: Among the 264 patients, 48.5% were male and 51.5% were female, with ages ranging from 18 to over 61 years. Significant associations were observed between nitrites and clinical parameters such as protein levels (p < 0.001), ketone bodies (p < 0.001), and leukocyte esterase (p < 0.001). For instance, 78% of patients with negative nitrites showed normal protein levels, while 20.5% had trace levels. However, no significant associations were found between nitrites and demographic variables like gender (p = 0.936) or age (p = 0.257). Conclusion: This research underscores the efficacy of urine dipstick examination in diabetic patients for identifying significant urinary abnormalities associated with nitrites. These results underscore the need of regular urine screening to successfully prevent or control problems in patients with diabetes.