CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY: ANALYSIS OF KEY FACTORS AND RISKS

Introduction. Childhood obesity is one of the most pressing problems in modern medicine, affecting physical, psychological and social health. Over the past decades, the level of childhood obesity has increased significantly, becoming a global epidemic affecting millions of children. Among the main causes of childhood obesity are genetic predisposition, endocrine disorders, unhealthy lifestyle, unhealthy diet and low physical activity. Obesity in children is accompanied by serious health consequences. Cardiometabolic disorders, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia and elevated blood glucose levels, are the most common consequences. All of these conditions increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future. Obese children are more likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes, which is accompanied by impaired glucose metabolism and chronic complications. Combating childhood obesity requires a comprehensive approach that includes educational, medical and social measures. Early intervention is key to preventing serious consequences. Educating parents and children about healthy eating and the benefits of physical activity should be a priority. Programmes in schools can promote healthy habits by offering physical education classes and educational materials.Objective: comprehensive analysis of the causes and consequences of childhood obesity, including the study of the main risk factors, comorbidities and health consequences in the short and long term.Conclusion. Childhood obesity is a multifactorial problem that combines genetic, behavioural, and socioeconomic factors, causing serious medical, psychological, and social consequences. Effective prevention requires early intervention, education for parents and children, and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Concerted efforts at the level of family, society and the state are key to overcoming this problem and ensuring a healthy future for future generations.