Analysis of block technology elements for surface excavation of organogenic material

Top-peat raw materials with a low degree of decomposition are widely used in the agro-industrial complex and environmental technologies. Based on the principles of rational environmental management the block technology of surface excavation of organogenic material (peat raw material) from an undrained deposit with the use of temporary decking has been developed. The surface of the deposit is divided into blocks for their sequential development with the formation of lagoons inside the blocks. Within the framework of the work, an experiment was conducted to study the intensity of the process to restore the vegetation layer of the peat deposit after the excavation using the paludiculture principles. The paper proposes a structure of the deposit mining with adding the stage of sphagnum reintroduction into the areas of excavated raw materials in order to increase the intensity of the restoration processes of the disturbed areas. The block technology of surface excavation of the peat raw materials is analyzed, the main indicators of the production process are determined. It has been established that it is expedient to implement the technology with the help of a multifunctional technological module, which can be used to perform auxiliary work on decking and excavation of peat raw materials. The module includes a wheeled tractor, a wheeled semi-trailer with a hydraulic manipulator and a fork clamp. An analysis of the main production process indicators was carried out using the case of the Kameshki peat deposit (north-west of the Leningrad region) with account of the parameters of the selected technological module components and the duration of the mining season, typical for the region. It was established that a technological module with the working tool capacity of 0.13 m3 and the duration of the mining season of 60 days, it is rational to carry out the excavation work in two pre-arranged technological areas with the volume of the excavated raw materials of 960 m3 per a mining season.