Aquatic Biofilm as Water Quality Bioindicator in the Upstream Part of Cisadane River

Abstract Changes in river water conditions from anthropogenic activities can be indicated by microbiota such as periphytons and bacteria. This study assessed water quality in the upstream Cisadane River at three sampling sites in Ranca Bungur, Lido, Bogor, focusing on periphyton and bacteria as bioindicators at two different time periods. Data analysis included community structure, the assemblge pattern, and pollution level determination from current (2024) and previous research (2007). Periphytic diatoms dominated across stations and periods, with different composition of genera in the whole periphyton community; while bacteria were primarily from the Aeromonas group. The change of anthropogenic activities tend to change the diversity and the density of organisms assemblaged in the aquatic biofilm. The presence of these microbiota in biofilms suggests moderate organic pollution in the upstream Cisadane River, strongly correlated with nitrate and orthophosphate levels. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the pollution levels in recent studies occur further upstream.