A Small‐Scale Hybrid Power System Consisting of On‐Grid Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Unit: A Case Study

ABSTRACT In Duhok, Iraq, the national electricity grid struggles to meet household electricity demands due to inadequate infrastructure, resulting in frequent power outages. During these outages, households rely on diesel generators to supply electricity, leading to high investment and operating costs. Additionally, diesel generators contribute to noise and air pollution, causing further environmental harm. This study aims to provide reliable, environmentally friendly electricity at lower costs to meet household energy needs. In this context, an analysis was conducted on a hybrid power system consisting of energy storage and an on‐grid photovoltaic system, with solar energy as the primary source. The HOMER program was used for these analyses. The results indicate that using an on‐grid PV system with energy storage can reduce the cost of electricity from 0.022 to 0.010 $/kWh. The payback period for this hybrid power system is calculated to be 4.56 years. These findings suggest that investing in a hybrid power system represents an excellent economic opportunity for Iraq, particularly considering the local conditions in Duhok.