Multidimensional Risk Factors for Heart Failure in Hispanic Adults: Findings from the All of Us Research Program

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States affecting approximately 6.7 million adults. In Hispanic adults, HF is underdiagnosed, leading to an incomplete characterization of the HF risk profiles in this population. Thus, the objective of the study was to investigate the multidimension HF risk factors among Hispanic adults. This cross-sectional study analyzed observational data collected from Hispanic adult participants in the All of Us Research Program. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, environmental, stress, and health care access and utilization data were retrieved from the survey domain. Past medical history was retrieved from the electronic health record domain. Using SAS, logistic regression was performed to identify multidimension risk factors for HF in Hispanic adults. The study subjects consisted of 5,281 Hispanic adults with 72.5% females and 27.5% males. The prevalence of HF was 3.6% (188/5,281). Males had a higher prevalence of HF than females (5.7% vs 2.7%). After adjusting for potential confounders with logistic regression, age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.04], p <0.0001), hypertension (OR = 5.75, 95% CI [3.23, 10.24], p <0.0001), heart attack (OR = 11.31, 95% CI [7.71, 16.58], p <0.0001), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.02, 2.06], p = 0.0383), and obesity (OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.60, 3.36], p <0.0001) were significant risk factors for HF. In conclusion, multidimension risk factors for HF among Hispanic adults were explored in this study. More research is needed to compare these risk factors to other non-Hispanic populations.