Optimization of Phase Change Material/Nano-Additive Heat Exchangers With Innovative Tree-Shaped Fin Designs for Enhanced Thermal Storage

Abstract The use of phase change materials (PCMs) has gained prominence due to their exceptional thermal energy storage capabilities, aiding in CO2 emission reduction and promoting sustainable energy. This study investigates the impact of dispersing nano-additives into PCMs within energy storage systems equipped with innovative tree-shaped fins to improve thermal performance. Four tree-shaped fin geometries were analyzed for their ability to enhance heat dissipation. The fins optimize heat conduction by increasing the heat transfer area, significantly reducing PCM melting time. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, added at concentrations of 0–6%, further enhance the thermal performance. Results show that extending fins outward significantly improves heat transfer, achieving an 81.2% reduction in melting time. At 6% nanoparticle concentration, the melting time is further reduced by 18% compared to systems without additives.