Estimation of energy, economic and environmental efficiency for renovation of building heating system

To achieve carbon neutrality in urban housing, the buildings’ retrofit and modernisation of their energy systems are needed, implementing the new materials for building envelops, intelligent strategies for heating system control and transferring to renewable sources of energy. All the renovation actions can be implemented in sequence. The present paper proposes an approach based on the mathematical modelling of a building’s energy system efficiency, which estimates the best sequence of the renovation actions. The method considers three groups of renovation actions, containing the (1) thermal modernisation of the building’s envelope, (2) the implementation of smart control systems and (3) the utilisation of renewable energy sources for heat production. To evaluate the effectiveness of individual and combined renovation actions of various technology groups, an integrated relative energy-ecological and economic indicator was introduced. This indicator serves as a basis for determining optimal technical solutions for practical implementation. The proposed approach is applied to the case study of a university building located in Kharkiv, Ukraine. The analysis shows that the application of a smart control system increased the annual relative energy efficiency by 21.5%, and the implementation of the air heat pump increased the integrated relative energy-ecological and economic performance indicator by 47%.