Adoption model of eco-friendly livestock innovation for beef cattle sustainability in dry climate regions

Beef cattle farming plays an important role in improving rural economies, especially in arid climates that often face complex ecological, social and economic challenges. Dry climates, which typically have limited water and feed availability, require specialised approaches to ensure the sustainability of livestock enterprises. In this context, eco-friendly livestock innovation models are two key elements that can help increase beef cattle productivity in dry climates. This study aims to analyse the adoption model of eco-friendly livestock innovations in dry climate areas. The study analyzed the influence of farmer characteristics, extension support, business environment support, and innovation characteristics on the process and level of adoption and sustainability of beef cattle in Timor Tengah Utara Regency. This survey research used a sample of 300 respondents selected based on structural equation model analysis guidelines. The research was conducted in three sub-districts, including Insana, Central Insana, and West Insana. Data collection was conducted from April to September 2024. Descriptive percentage data analysis and Structural Equation Model analysis. The results of the study indicate that extension support and business environment support have a significant and positive effect on the adoption process of eco-friendly livestock innovation. Extension support and business environment support have a significant effect on the level of adoption of dry climate agricultural innovations. The characteristics of innovation are the factors that most influence the sustainability of beef cattle. Ease of innovation such as the cultivation of dry climate-resistant feed crops and cow feces processing technology have a significant effect on sustainability. The adoption process has a significant effect on the level of adoption. Good implementation of the adoption stages determines the level of farmer acceptance of the innovation offered. • The best model for improving sustainability is the process and adoption rate. • Suitability of dry climate innovations is key to sustainable livestock farming. • The adoption process gradually increases the adoption of innovations. • Innovations in feed, breeding, water and faeces are essential for sustainability.