Architecture Design of TBCare: Mhealth for Drug Adherence Intervention in Tuberculosis Patients

The effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis drugs is related to adherence. Monitoring patient medication activity with digital medication monitoring tools is used to improve success rates. Subjective feelings of improvement drive the reason patients discontinue their tuberculosis treatment before treatment evaluation or the adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs that lead to decreased patient motivation to complete the treatment. The TBCare mobile health application is designed to address the problem of tuberculosis adherence. Features such as reminders, push notifications, an explore page and a list of informative videos are implemented to intervene in patient medication adherence. We use Gemini AI to deliver information on the explore page to overcome cognitive barriers to treatment issues. We consider implementing the feature behavior change technique based on our intervention goals to help improve patient adherence to tuberculosis treatment with action planning, prompt/cues, self-monitoring, shaping knowledge, and information about health consequences. We propose a TBCare design with a service-oriented architecture by a 3-layer canvas using a low code development platform. This study aims to build the TBCare application and design research methods to test the impact of using TBCare on the stage of change of adherence to TB medication. Future research will investigate the causal relationship between mhealth interventions and adherence to medical treatment. The impact of TBCare on adherence will be measured with the transtheoretical model using the stage of change questionnaire, where the process of change intervenes in the decision balance scale and self-efficacy.