FEATURES OF LOCAL FORMS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN ADOLESCENTS OF THE KIROV REGION

Tuberculosis among adolescents is an urgent public health problem, manifested by a variety of clinical forms and an ever-changing epidemiological landscape. The study showed the features of the newly identified local forms of tuberculosis in adolescents of the Kirov region for the period 2009-2023, focusing on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease. Materials and methods. The study was based on an analysis of 53 case histories of adolescents with newly diagnosed local forms of tuberculosis who were treated at the Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary. In accordance with federal clinical guidelines, patients underwent comprehensive examination and treatment in a hospital setting. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed by clinical improvement, X-ray dynamics, and cessation of bacterial excretion. Statistical methods of data processing were used, where qualitative indicators were described as a percentage, and quantitative ones using the arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Results. More girls (68%) than boys (32%) were among the newly infected adolescents, and urban residents (60%) prevailed over rural residents (40%). The main risk factor was contact with a tuberculosis patient (87%). Pulmonary localization occurred in 66% of cases, with a predominance of the infiltrative form (32%). Of the detected concomitant diseases, the most common were diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In 60% of cases, the disease was asymptomatic. Symptoms of intoxication prevailed among the complaints made by adolescents, and micropolyadenopathy was detected in one third of the patients during the examination. Conclusions. Tuberculosis in adolescents is characterized by a predominance of pulmonary localization and often occurs as an infiltrative form. Effective therapy makes it possible to eliminate bacterial excretion, positive radiological dynamics and improve the condition of patients. The identified risk factors emphasize the importance of prevention in the family and social circles of adolescents.