Case Report: Severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia following zuberitamab treatment in autoimmune hemolytic anemia

The pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) remains incompletely understood, typically associated with immune dysfunction and the production of autoantibodies. Zuberitamab, a novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, represents an important therapeutic strategy for managing autoimmune diseases. Here, we present the first case of a patient diagnosed with AIHA who developed severe immunosuppression, lymphopenia, and B-cell depletion following zuberitamab treatment, ultimately resulting in severe <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia(PJP). This case highlights the complexities of B-cell-targeted immunotherapy and underscores the necessity of close monitoring of immune status in patients receiving zuberitamab or other targeted immunotherapies to mitigate the risk of severe immune-related adverse events.