<i>Tribulus platypterus</i>‐Reduced Ag Nanoparticles Ameliorate the Hemogram and Iron Indices in Renal Anemia Rat Model

ABSTRACT The recent study evaluated the protective effect of the Tribulus platypterus green‐synthesized silver nanoparticles against gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity. The silver nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, and FE‐SEM. The nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 48 nm. Both traditional and innovative kidney injury indicators were employed to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of nanoparticles in a rat model. Administration of gentamicin resulted in a significant reduction ( p ≤ 0.01) in Hb concentration, PCV, and RBC count. Conversely, the levels of creatinine, erythropoietin, serum iron, and urea increased significantly ( p ≤ 0.01) in the gentamicin‐treated group. The leucogram indicated the presence of leukocytosis, granulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Silver nanoparticles enhanced the parameters related to iron, leukogram, thrombocytes, erythropoietin, and erythrogram. In animals administered AgNPs, there was a significant decrease in the concentrations of creatinine, urea, AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP, whereas total protein and albumin levels showed a significant increase. Furthermore, AgNPs notably increased the levels of IL5, IL10, TGFβ, IL3, and IL4, while simultaneously reducing the levels of TNFα, IL6, IL12, IL18, and IL1. These results suggest that AgNPs could serve as a valuable nephroprotective agent derived from a biological source, potentially making them a suitable therapeutic supplement for conditions related to blood disorders.