Bees, hoverflies and butterflies of Giannutri Island (Tuscan Archipelago, Italy), with the first record of Eumerus narcissi Smith, 1928 (Syrphidae) for Italy (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila, Diptera: Syrphidae, Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)

Local pollinator checklists are crucial for biodiversity conservation representing essential foundations for successive ecological and evolutionary studies. The Tuscan Archipelago, protected within a National Park in Italy, hosts a largely undiscovered pollinator diversity, especially on the small Giannutri Island. This study focuses on bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Bees on Giannutri are poorly documented, with no comprehensive checklist available, while hoverflies remain understudied across the Archipelago. Although butterfly data are more extensive, they consist mainly of sporadic records. To unveil the pollinator fauna of Giannutri, we sampled the island over four years (2021–2024), recording: 14 bee species (eight new to the island and one new to the Archipelago), 14 hoverfly species (all new to the island, three new to the Archipelago and one new to Italy) and 23 butterfly species (10 new to the island). The presence of Eumerus narcissi Smith, 1928 is of pivotal importance representing a new species for the Italian fauna. Among bees, the presence of Nomada sheppardana (Kirby, 1802) is reported for the first time in the Archipelago, while the new record of Bombus xanthopus (Kriechbaumer, 1870) extends the distribution of this sub-endemic species to a fourth island, following Corsica, Capraia, and Elba. The species richness recorded on Giannutri Island aligned with the expectations based on size and isolation in comparison with the other islands of the Archipelago. Giannutri emerges as a noteworthy component of the Tuscan Archipelago and Mediterranean biodiversity highlighting the importance of checklists in conservation studies.