The vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic in a clinic-based cohort of people with and without HIV in four African countries
The vast majority of people with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were asymptomatic. Universal screening may be needed to fully understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks of similar respiratory viruses, capture early infection, and plan for intervention.
Authors
- Elekwa Chinenye Elizabeth
- Jonah Maswai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-3297)
- Estella Birabwa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4802-7398)
- Jacob Patterson
- Edwin Langat
- Matthew L. Romo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3038-0644)
- Lucas Maganga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-0628)
- Onyinye Eze (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-9231)
- Gwamaka Mwaisanga
- Ijeoma Chigbu-Ukaegbu
- Samirah Sani Mohammed
- Peter Edwin
- Betty Mwesigwa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-8998)
- Olutunde Ademola Adegbite
- Isaac Tsikhutsu
- Abdulwasiu Bolaji Tiamiyu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-5004)
- Glenna Schluck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-9636)
- Alexus Reynolds
- Victoria Idi
- Michelle Imbach
- Samuel S. Kiprotich
- Brayan Langat
- Abraham Kipkorir Koech
- Johnisius Msigwa
- Lucy Korir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-8116)
- Rachel Eluwa
- Fred Magala
- Vamsi Vasireddy
- Lucas Otieno
- Willyhelmina Olomi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2507-6805)
- Alice Airo
- Obende Theresa Owanza
- Deborah Langat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-1099)
- Raphael Langat
- Raphael Romano Bruno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3530)
- Michael Semwogerere
- Prossy Naluyima (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-2199)
- Danielle Bartolanzo
- Oscar Adimo
- Neha Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-9161)
- Nkechinyere Harrison (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-4529)
- Kennedy Obambo
- Ezra Musingye
- Michael Waiswa
- Mary Leelgo
- Christopher Ochieng
- Leonard Cheruiyot
- Rosemary Akiga
- Zahra Parker
- Hellen Birungi
- Dorothy Mkondoo
- Emmanuel Bahemana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5347-4558)
- John Owuoth
- Sean Cavanaugh
- Igiri Faith
- Uzoegwu Amaka Natalie
- Charles Okwaro
- Aminu Suleiman
- Iddah Aoko
- Joan Kapkiai
- John Njegite
- Natalie Burns
- Badryah Omar
- Seth Frndak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-2204)
- Celine Ogari
- Christine Nabanoba
- Joseph Meyo
- Sunday Odeyemi
- Christine Nanteza
- Aaron Ngeno
- Michael Obonyo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9189-1643)
- Kara Lombardi
- Leigh Anne Eller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2043-1513)
- Blessing P. Okon
- Emma R. Duff
- Susan Ontango
- Julie A. Ake (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-5828)
- Mary Schmitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-3783)
- Godfrey Zziwa
- Paul Wangiri
- Nnadi Theodora Nkiru
- Jillian Chambers
- Elkanah Modi
- Paul Omolo
- L Umeji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1234-2262)
- Tsedal Mebrahtu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2857-0732)
- Mfreke Asuquo
- Chisara Sylvestina Okolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-9106)
- Zeddy Bett Kesi
- Grace Mirembe
- Trevor A. Crowell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-265X)
- Richard Tumusiime
- Mtasi Mwaipopo
- Irene Metet
- Hilda Mutebe
- Cate Kafeero
- George Suja
- Valentine Sing’oei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9434-9630)
- Concilia Uzoamaka Agbaim
- Paschal Kiliba
- Helen Nwandu
- Ifeanyi Okoye
- Hannah Kibuuka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-1944)
- Agnes Atieno
- Yakubu Adamu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4491-4798)
- Brennan R. Cebula
- Evelyn Najjuma
- Mike Bii
- Jaclyn Hern (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0344-581X)
- Felicia Anayochukwu Odo
- Adewale Adelakun
- Kimberly Bohince
- Reginald Gervas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8403-9601)
- Danstan S. Bagenda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-2562)
- Japhet Towett
- Nicole Dear (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8026-9901)
- Kennedy Labosso
- Ibrahim Daud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-8782)
- Francis Opiyo
- Rither Langat
- Sylvia Namanda
- Isaac Kato Kenoly
- Phiona Namulondo
- Feyisayo Ebenezer Jegede
- Faraja Mbwayu
- Ignatius Kiptoo
- Freddie Ssentogo
- Grace Engoke
- Ajay Parikh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-3299)
- Obilor Ifeoma Lauretta
- Janet Ngeno
- Jumoke Titilayo Nwalozie
- S.G. Ndungu
- Bornes Ngtech
- Ronald Wasswa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-2460)
- Josphat Kosgei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-524X)
- Linner Rotich
- Harriet Nabirye
- Jaquiline Mwamwaja
- Alfred S. Lutaaya
- Jacinta Elemere
- Winnie Rehema
- Janeth Likiliwike
- Laban Mwandumbya
- N. Mkingule
- Solomon Otieno
- Janet Nyawira Oyieko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-9127)
- Gloria L. David
- Patricia Agaba
- Blessing Irekpitan Wilson
- Joshua Rotich
- Ndubuisi Okeke
- Doris Njoroge
- Michal Ohaga
- Lovet Nyawanda
- Trizer Achieng
- Eliud Myegeta
- Goodluck Kisonga
- Happy Laiton
- Raphael Mkinga
- Restituta Minde
- Vumilia Kaduma
- Abdulkadir Ramatu
- Aire Commodore Edward Akinwale
- Chiamaka Modesta Ibeanu
- Sulaimon Awesu
- Maj Christian Etim Efut
- Ndubuisi Rosemary Obiageli
- Linsey Scheibler
- Agatha Mugagga Mukanza
- Anne Nakirijja
- Benard Okanyakure
- Jacqueline Namugabo
- Mercy Chelimo
- Triza Rono
- Wilfred Kirui
Institutions
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation (US)
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project (UG)
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa (KE)
- HJF Medical Research International (US)
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2025-03-12
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10692-1
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.79
Funders
- National Institutes of Health