Energy performance and indoor space composition characteristics of passive houses

In recent years, the significance of low-energy buildings, and low-carbon housing for achieving carbon neutrality, has come to the fore. This study methodically examined the energy performance of technological elements designed for energy savings and systematically analyzed the characteristics of spatial composition. The analysis encompassed a total of 25 passive houses, as published in housing-related magazines from 2011 to 2024. The ensuing findings are of particular significance. Firstly, the analysis revealed that lightweight wooden structures and reinforced concrete structures account for majority of the houses surveyed. In comparison to general detached houses in the city, there is a notable prevalence of single-story houses. The building-to-land ratio and floor area ratio have been reduced by securing a substantial land area. 2) A comparison of the energy performance of the surveyed houses and the energy-saving design standards of the building reveals that the heat penetration rate standard of the outer wall, roof, and floor is sufficiently achieved, and the heat penetration rate for windows and doors is particularly excellent. 3) The planar shape of the house was predominantly rectangular, square, ㄱ-shaped, free shape, F-shaped, and I-shaped. Passive houses were characterized by the pursuit of numerous variations (cutting and addition) even under the premise that the elevation was aimed at simplicity. In terms of indoor space configuration, the living room, main room, dining room, and room1 were primarily situated in the front, while the attached space was positioned in the rear. The configuration of the living room and the main room exhibited a pronounced inclination towards establishing independent areas, while the living room, kitchen, and dining room demonstrated a notable propensity for open–space composition(LDK).