Genome-wide association studies of economically important features of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Purpose : to summarize the results of scientific publications on the use of genome-wide associative studies of economically important traits in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Materials and methods . PubMed Scientometric Database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /), Science Direct (https://www.sciencedirect.com /), scientific electronic library eLibrary (https://elibrary.ru /). Results . An important step in improving breeding programs for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the use of knowledge about the genetic architecture underlying the variability of economically useful traits. In 2014, the first version of the reference genome assembly was published, which served as the basis for the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the development of a medium-density DNA chip, which, in turn, made it possible to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS makes it possible to identify SNPs with great effect responsible for phenotypic variants that can be given priority in genomic selection, which will make it possible to carry out further intra-family selection based on the most economically important characteristics. Many scientific papers have been devoted to the use of genome-wide associative research in trout farming. The review shows the relevance and prospects of using the GWAS method in aquaculture breeding of rainbow trout as a tool for identifying candidate genes that affect growth, meat quality and disease resistance. Having analyzed the foreign experience of using GWAS, I would like to note its relevance and prospects, because most of the economically useful features are polygenic in nature.