Analysis of the Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Older Adults through a Systematic Literature Review: A Study on Differences between Healthy and Respiratory Disease Groups

With the global older adult population steadily increasing, both domestic and international research has highlighted the benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT)-a cost-effective and low-risk intervention-in improving respiratory function, exercise performance, and quality of life in older adults. This study aims to systematically compare the effects of IMT on healthy older adults and those diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, the study seeks to elucidate the physiological, physical performance, and psychological differences between these populations, offering foundational insights for crafting effective IMT protocols to optimize respiratory function and overall health in older adults. A total of 17 studies published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2023, were included in this literature review, with 6 focused on healthy older adults and 11 targeting older adults with COPD. The review revealed that IMT significantly improves inspiratory muscle strength in both groups. Additionally, it was shown to be effective in enhancing overall exercise performance. These findings suggest that IMT positively influences inspiratory muscle function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in older adults. This study is anticipated to serve as a valuable foundation for the future development of diverse and tailored IMT protocols.