Application of electrical stimulation in medical rehabilitation of scoliosis in children

Objective of the study. Scoliosis is one of the most common orthopedic diseases of childhood and adolescence, leading to disability and reducing the quality of life of the child. The prevalence of this nosological form in the structure of pediatric orthopedic pathology reaches 30 %. In 50 % of cases, the disease is characterized by a severe progressive course, especially in puberty. The aim of the study is to analyze scientific data for 2008–2024 on the use of electrical stimulation methods used in the treatment of scoliosis in children. In order to form a scientific review of modern methods of electrical stimulation for scoliosis in children, we searched for scientific papers on this topic from open electronic databases of scientific medical literature CyberLeninka and eLibrary. The main methods of physiotherapy used in the treatment of scoliosis in children are electrical treatment methods, among which the leading place is given to electrical stimulation. The advantage of electrical stimulation in scoliosis in children is to provide training of strength and tone of the back muscles on the side of the deformation. Electrical stimulation is indicated for scoliosis of I and II degrees. The greatest effect in the correction of scoliotic deformation of the spine in children is observed with the complex use of electrical stimulation and exercise therapy. This review presents the results of the use of electrical stimulation methods for scoliosis in children: sinusoidally modulated currents, diadynamic therapy, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation, interference therapy, fluctuation and functional programmable electrical stimulation. Conclusions: The review concludes that the various methods of electrical stimulation presented in the review article are very diverse, have different effectiveness, and occupy an important place in personalized approaches to the treatment of children with scoliosis.