Educational attainment, body mass index, and smoking as mediators in kidney disease risk: a two-step Mendelian randomization study
This study provides robust evidence that EA exerts a protective effect against KD, partially mediated by BMI and smoking. These findings highlight the potential for targeted public health interventions aimed at mitigating obesity and smoking-related risks to reduce KD incidence, particularly among individuals with lower educational attainment.
Authors
- Baiyu Feng
- Yu Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2324-1048)
- Lei Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-084X)
- Zhiwen Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-5203)
Institutions
- Central South University (CN)
- Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Renal Failure
- Published
- 2025-03-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1080/0886022x.2025.2476051
- Primary Topic
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00