Explaining Variation in the Use of Electoral Fusion

We analyze fusion candidacies (i.e., minor-party cross-nominations of major-party candidates) in New York congressional elections from 1978 to 2018. In addition to extending our understanding of electoral fusion, our study provides a deeper understanding of the role of minor parties within the American two-party system. We stress two strategic factors that influence the likelihood for cross-nominations: (a) major-party candidate issue positions, and (b) district competitiveness. Our analysis explains both the increased use of fusion over time, as well as cross-candidate variation in cross-nominations.