Entropy Generation Optimization for Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Along a Curved Surface With Bioconvection Mechanism and Exothermic/Endothermic Catalytic Reaction

Abstract This article deals with the heat and mass transfer analysis of Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved Riga surface with slip conditions in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms. The mechanism of Soret and Dufour effects, exothermic/endothermic catalytic reaction, and an exponential heat source are also investigated. The mixture of aluminum oxide and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with Therminol‐VPI fluid is assumed as the hybrid nanofluid. Boundary layer assumptions are taken in the mathematical modeling of governing equations. Transformation variables are introduced to get the dimensionless governing equations. Numerical simulation of the transformed equations is done with the help of the Matlab computational tool using the Cash and Carp numerical method. Numerical results corresponding to the influential factors are plotted in graphs for velocity profile, temperature profile, concentration profile, drag coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and entropy generation. It is observed that the fluid velocity diminishes with an enhancement in the curvature parameter, and fluid velocity enhances with an improvement in the suction parameter. Thermal profile improves for enhancing modified magnetic field parameter and drops with an increase in exponential index parameter. The microorganisms respond to temperature and concentration gradients, affecting the overall heat and mass transfer dynamics. This research aims to reveal the coupled effects of heat transfer, diffusion, and microorganism behavior in computational simulations, which have various applications in different sectors like electronics, chemical engineering, and material science.