Advances in Nitrogen‐Functionalized Graphene for Enhanced Photovoltaic Applications

Nitrogen‐functionalized graphene (N‐FG) derivatives are versatile materials with broad chemical applicability and straightforward preparation methods. N‐FG involves grafting nitrogen compounds onto graphene, categorized as ammonium hydroxide, amines, and quaternary ammonium salts. This review highlights N‐FG synthesis via chemical, thermochemical, electrochemical, and electromagnetic methods. It emphasizes N‐FG's role in photovoltaic (PV) technologies, particularly perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In PSCs, N‐FG excels as an interfacial layer, enhancing performance when in direct contact with perovskite films. In DSSCs, its applications include Pt‐free cathodes, photoanodes, and electrolyte additives, achieving power conversion efficiencies of 8–8.5%. The review also explores N‐FG's potential in other PV technologies, such as thin‐film and silicon solar cells, while addressing challenges and opportunities for advancing its role in sustainable energy solutions.