Perceptual artifact investigation of liquid crystal displays with mini light-emitting diode backlight

We systematically investigate the influential factors of perceptual artifacts in liquid crystal (LC) displays with mini-light-emitting diode (LED) backlighting. An accurate simulation model is developed, complemented by comprehensive objective and subjective evaluations designed to ensure robust data analysis. The main factors examined include the viewing angle of a local dimming unit, the contrast ratio of the LC panel, the backlight algorithm for mini-LED modulation, and the ambient light level. The findings reveal that the viewing angle, backlight algorithm, and ambient light level collectively and significantly influence perceptual artifacts, whereas the contrast ratio shows a relatively weaker impact. Notably, perceptual artifacts diminish as ambient light levels increase, with a unique exception at low illumination. Importantly, when the viewing angle of a local dimming unit is sufficiently minimized, these artifacts can be effectively ignored. The “maximum” backlight algorithm is demonstrated to optimize perceived image quality while ensuring reasonable power consumption, with specific recommendations for local dimming unit sizes in mini-LED backlighting. We contribute valuable insights and methodologies that may inform future research in this area.