Rule-Based Energy and Thermal Management Strategy for Hybrid Fuel cell-Battery System Powered Heavy Duty Vehicle

This work aims to develop a rule-based energy management system (EMS), including a thermal management system, for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) supplemented battery system or a hybrid power source in heavy duty electrified vehicles denoted as HDV. The EMS controls power distribution between the battery and PEMFC. During braking, energy is retrieved and stored in the battery. Additionally, the thermal management system (TMS), modeled using a fluid network, maintains optimal temperatures for the PEMFC, battery, DC-DC converters, and motor. The proposed strategy involves keeping the temperature of the PEMFC stack at 353.15K (≈ 80 °C) to maximize performance. The cooling system flows coolant amongst the battery cells to absorb excess heat, which is then emitted into the environment through the radiator. This system ensures the motor remains within the desired temperature range, preventing overheating and maintaining optimal performance. The proposed integrated energy and thermal management strategy is validated through MATLAB/Simscape® simulations.