The role of paralinguistic digital affordances (PDAs) in online mental health communities (OMHCs) in Saudi Arabia

Introduction. Depression is a major contributor to disability and will be a leading cause of global disease burden by 2030. There is a high depression rate in Saudi Arabia. Online Mental health communities (OMHCs) are important for people with mental health conditions who are concerned about the stigma associated with these conditions. Paralinguistic digital affordances (PDAs) are a useful social affordance enabled by social media. This study aimed to understand the role of using PDAs in Saudi OMHCs. Method. Qualitative methods were employed to analyse a sample of 1331 posts from two Saudi OMHCs. Analysis. Data were thematically analysed using Braun and Clarke’s method. Results. PDAs fostered receiving emotional and informational support and were used to communicate frustrating emotions. A variety of emojis was used to provide encouragement to other users in response to their posts and conveyed different forms of support. PDAs were also used to show empathy and to acknowledge other people’s feelings and to reassure them. However, on occasion, PDAs were used in a negative way. Conclusion. PDAs provide additional emotional and informational support to encourage people with depression in OMHCs. Future research could interview OMHC users to develop a deeper understanding of how PDAs provide support.