THE GENESIS OF THE CENTERS FOR SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT OF PERSONNEL TRAINING FOR THE EXECUTION OF PUNISHMENTS AND THE FIGHT AGAINST CRIME

The article analyzes historical facts (holding international penitentiary forums, studying foreign experience), testifying to the emergence of penitentiary science. The role of legal scientists in creating a starting platform for the dissemination of specialized scientific knowledge is shown (I. Ya. Foynitsky). Separate decisions of the heads of the Main Prison Administration of the Russian Empire, which initiated the training of personnel for prison service, through systematic readings on prison studies, are considered. The provisions of the Law of July 13, 1913 are given. «On the establishment of a school in St. Petersburg to train candidates for the positions of senior prison warden and a school in Moscow to train candidates for the positions of prison warden.» Attention is drawn to the creation of penitentiary courses and the maintenance of retraining of prison staff to work «in conditions of renewal of the state system and free public life» (March 17, 1917); the formation of special secondary schools of the commanding staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR to work in institutions executing criminal penalties (Soviet period). The main attention is focused on the creation of centers for scientific support of personnel training for the execution of punishment and the fight against crime, the role of scientists in the development of basic principles of correctional labor (penal law). The article reveals the content of the activities of the Ryazan special secondary School for the training of commanding officers, the Ryazan Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the Academy of the FPS of Russia in the training of specialized personnel, the development of science, improving the practice of the penal system, the formation of other educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service.