SARS-CoV-2 conjugate vaccine elicits robust immune responses that can protect against evolving variants.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitated effective vaccines that can endure antigenic mutations. Here we demonstrate highly immunogenic conjugate vaccines that elicit broad cross-neutralization to variants of concern (VOC) in animal studies. By utilizing protein-protein conjugation and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvants we achieve enhanced immunogenicity compared to unconjugated equivalents. These vaccine candidates induced broad cross-protection against several VOC, a characteristic lacking in early COVID-19 vaccines. Murine neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers from animals vaccinated with Beta-only conjugates were equivalent between Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/BA.5 variants, which were circulating up to three years after the antigenic Beta strain. Additionally, Beta-Delta bivalent conjugate vaccines readily prevented disease in hamster challenge. Together this demonstrates a vaccine with remarkably broad cross-protection and potential to protect for extended periods despite mutations, without requiring modified boosters or antigen adaption. These techniques can be applied to more recent SARS-CoV-2 strains, and other viruses, highlighting the benefits of protein-protein conjugation coupled with TLR agonist secondary adjuvants.
Authors
- Michael J. McCluskie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-1363)
- Anup Datta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-6891)
- Anh Tran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0644-6014)
- B. Fall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5817-7536)
- Subhash V. Kapre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6642-1128)
- Yves Durocher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-4111)
- Leonardo Rojas-Mezarina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-7107)
- Heather Fox
- Mary Whalen
- Melanie L. Carroll
- J. William Langston
- Ivan A. Olave
- Fataneh Karandish
- Gowri Chellappan
- Geetha Karengil
Institutions
- Inventprise (United States) (US)
- National Research Council Canada (CA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Vaccine
- Published
- 2025-03-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126988
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation