Cephalomedullary Nailing vs. Dynamic Hip Screw for the Treatment of Pertrochanteric Fractures: The Role of Cytokines in the Prediction of Surgical Invasiveness

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Limited surgical invasiveness is desirable in elderly patients with femur fracture. Serum cytokines have been considered as a possible marker but with inconclusive evidence. The present study aimed to assess the systemic inflammatory response to surgical trauma through the serum levels of several cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL8, and IL-10), inflammatory markers (c reactive protein-CRP), and muscular damage markers (creatinkinase-CK) at different time intervals in a consecutive series of patients affected by pertrochanteric fractures (PFs) and treated by two different surgical devices (intramedullary nailing (IM) vs. dynamic hip screw plate-DHS). <b>Methods</b>: A total of 60 consecutive patients (45 female and 15 male, mean age 85.6 years) with PFs (AO31A1.2-2.2) were randomly assigned to two groups according to the surgical procedure used (IM vs. DHS). Specimens of venous blood were collected 1 h preoperatively and at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. Commercial ELISA kits were used. <b>Results</b>: In the adjusted linear mixed model, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, CRP, and CK revealed no statistically significant correlation with the type of surgical intervention performed. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) correlation was found for IL-6 values in patients undergoing IM, showing higher serum values than patients receiving DHSs in all postoperative blood sample collections. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results of this study reveal that the use of DHSs may have less biological impact than IM in frail elderly due to a more limited secretion of IL-6 cytokines deriving from the preservation of the femoral medullary canal, representing a possible guide for the choice of the surgical device.